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Sometimes S129) is an Iranian medium-range, long-range unmanned aerial vehicle (UCAV) fighter aircraft designed by Shahed Aviation Industries for the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).
Iranian Shahed Drone
The Shahed 129 is capable of combat and reconnaissance missions and has a 24-hour operational life; it is similar in size, shape and role to the American MQ-1 Predator
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UAVs have been used for airstrikes during the Syrian Civil War and border patrols on Iran's eastern border.
As of 2017, Shahed 129 and Saegheh are expected to form the backbone of Iran's high-tech UAV fleet for at least the next decade.
The first prototype of the Shahed 129, with registration number 129-001, could be distinguished by its fixed rear landing gear.
Development began in 2005 when the Iranian Aircraft Manufacturing Industry Company (HESA) began design work on the HESA-100 UAV. Basically, this is the same design as the Shahed 129 but shorter and square fuselage. Design responsibility was transferred to the Shahed Aviation Industry Research Center, which crashed the HESA-100 into the Shahed 123. Although little is known about it, the Shahed 123 is a production UAV. in its own right, not a research project. Shahed 123 was later developed into Shahed 129.
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In addition, some sources said that the Shahed 129 was reverse engineered from the Israeli Hermes 450 UAV that crashed in Iran.
The second prototype, airframe 129–002, flew in June 2012. The Shahed 129 was the first in Iran's "Great Prophet 7" war game exercise in September 2012. there.
However, it had problems with its planned arsenal and did not launch any drone strikes until early 2016, when a new Sadid-345 precision-guided munition was released. integrated.
The Shahed 129 is a large single-engine propeller-driven UAV with a V-tail stabilizer, high-mounted straight wings and thruster configuration, generally similar to the MQ-1 Predator.
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It has a long, narrow cylindrical fuselage approximately 65–75 cm in diameter and is constructed from large composite panels with an aluminum alloy superstructure.
The Shahed 129 is powered by a single Rotax 914 aircraft engine and features two twin suspension points, for a total of up to four ammunition types.
Rust-361 is not deployed to work; one source stated that this was due to problems with the launch mechanism and guidance system,
Also known as the Rusty guided bomb. Iranian sources claim that the UAV can carry up to 8 weapons, but in reality it will not carry more than 4.
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The Shahed 129 does not carry a weapon in a box, a fact that has been criticized by some aerospace experts because it exposes the weapon's passive electronics in flight conditions.
Given that Iran regularly makes false claims about its UAVs and that the Shahed-129 did not carry out any drone strikes in its first four years of flight, there have long been suspicions. about the claim 'Shahad-129 is a legitimate attack drone. As of 2016, there is general consensus that it is, in fact, a potentially lethal UCAV.
In the foreground are two precision-guided Sadid-345 projectiles. On the back is Shahed 129 and on the left (blue) Shahed 121.
While the Shahed 129 airframe may have a combat range of 1,700 km, it relies on a ground control station which Iranian state media says is limited to only 200 km of data transmission.
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Indepdt analysts are more aggressive, saying that the effective range could be 300–400 km, but it is clear that the drone's reliance on the ground station severely limits the effective range. its.
The drone can use an autopilot, similar to that used on the Karrar UAV, to follow predefined direction points beyond the control station's communication range.
Shahed is said to have a duration of 24 hours, which is considered plausible but has not been independently verified.
In May 2014, two Shahed 129s were dismantled and transported by strategic transport aircraft Ilyushin Il-76 to Damascus International Airport, along with ground control stations and support teams. related, for use in the Syrian Civil War.
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On April 10, 2014, rebels in Syria recorded a drone resembling a Shahed 129 flying over Eastern Ghouta, Damascus.
The war in Syria proved a good environment for testing the Shahed 129, and the other three were later shipped to Syria, where they were operated from Syrian Air Force bases.
Shahed 129 with what appears to be a single munition was discovered in the skies south of Aleppo in November 2014.
Shahed 129 carried out the first known drone strike in February 2016, which was Iran's first wartime drone strike.
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There is some evidence that the Shahed 129s may have carried out the Sadid-1 missile drone strike in November 2015.
The Shahed 129 was also used to provide a bomb damage assessment for the Deir ez-Zor missile attack in 2017.
Since then, Shahed 129s have flown hundreds of sorties in Syria against Islamic State and rebel forces.
Two Shahed 129s were delivered to Iran's border with Pakistan in 2015, followed by two more.
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Iranian military officials say the Shahed 129 drone can increase Iran's surveillance capabilities in border areas such as the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman.
The Shahed 129s were widely dispersed and were not operated by any ctral airbase. As of 2017, two Shahed 129s are based in Damascus, Syria, three at Tactical Air Base 10 near
On June 7, 2017, Hezbollah released a video showing an American MQ-1 or MQ-9 UAV flying near al-Tanf. Experts say the video "includes" footage from the Shahed-129s.
While the strike was "clearly aimed at striking coalition and partner forces in the region," it did not damage any U.S. or partner equipment and did not injure or kill any employee or partner of the United States,
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A few days later, on June 20, 2017, another F-15E Strike Eagle shot down another Shahed 129 drone near Al-Tanf.
The drone approached in a similar fashion to the previous incident and was shot down before reaching range where it could use its weapons.
On the same day, 20 June 2017, a Pakistani JF-17 shot down Shahed 129 after entering Pakistani airspace near Panjgur.
In the spring of 2019, Shahed 129s were used by the IRGC to support relief operations in flood-affected areas in Khuzestan Province, Iran.
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A new variant of the Shahed 129 distinguished by its flared nose was developed by Shahed Aviation Industries in 2015 and announced in February 2016. Iranian sources say the variant is equipped with satellite navigation. , which extends the range of -UAV.
On the other hand, sources hostile to Iran say that since Iran has no satellite, the bulbous nose is not involved in satellite navigation.
Iran has not committed to the purpose of the redesigned nose, and Jane's speculates that it may contain a Ku-band satellite link outside the line of sight or a synthetic aperture radar.
In addition, the payload is increased by 100 kg and the range is increased to 3000 km, according to Iran. It has been accused of launching waves of so-called "kamikaze" drones against Ukrainian cities and power plants in recent months.
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The Ukrainian government and Western intelligence agencies say Russia has been using Iran-made Shahed-136 drones in the conflict since last fall.
Also known in Russia as the Geranium-2, it has an explosive in the warhead on its nose and is designed to hover over a target until ordered to attack.
But the United States and the European Union accuse Iran of regularly sending drone deliveries to Russia, and the EU has imposed sanctions in response.
Defense experts say Russia may be using Shahed-136 drones instead of cruise missiles for air strikes because they are relatively cheap - around $20,000 (£17,800) each.
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The first time Russia is said to have used the Shahed-136 drone was on September 13, attacking military targets in the Kharkiv region, in the east of the country.
Since then, Russia has repeatedly carried out drone strikes against military and civilian targets in the Kyiv, Odesa and Mykolaiv regions.
Ukraine says Russia launched more than 80 Iranian-made Shahed drones on January 1 and 2, but claims to have shot them all down.
The Ukrainian armed forces used small arms fire, heavy guns, portable anti-aircraft missiles and electronic jammers to try to shoot down the drone.
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However, Ukraine says that its air defenses have succeeded in shooting down more than 80% of all drones that Russia sent against them.
The US says it is supplying Ukraine with 700 Switchblade suicide drones, but does not know if they will be used.
Experts say Ukraine used several types of kamikaze drones last fall to attack a Russian military base in western Crimea, an airbase near Sevastopol and ships in the port. Sevastopol.
Russia said Ukraine also used kamikaze drones in December for three separate attacks on air bases in Saratov and Ryazan - both hundreds of miles from Russian territory.
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Ukraine's main military drone is the Turkish-made Bayraktar TB2. It is about the size of a small plane, has an onboard camera and can be armed with laser-guided bombs.
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